Early Clinical Assessment of Balance (ECAB) is designed to assess all postural control components except which?

• A. Endurance in balance tasks
• B. Orientation in space
• C. Vestibulo-ocular interactions and reflexes
• D. Reactive postural responses

Answer: (B)

ECAB focuses on how postural control supports functional balance by evaluating endurance in balance tasks, how the vestibular system supports gaze and head movements (vestibulo-ocular interactions and reflexes), and how a person automatically responds to perturbations (reactive postural responses). These elements reflect the dynamic and sensory–motor aspects of maintaining and recovering balance during activity.

Orientation in space, meaning the sense of where the body is relative to gravity, is not directly measured by ECAB. That perceptual/sensory orientation dimension is typically addressed by other assessments that specifically probe how visual, vestibular, and somatosensory inputs are integrated to perceive body position, rather than by the functional balance tasks and reactive/predictive strategies ECAB emphasizes.